动词不定式的否定式通过在不定式前加 not 或 never 构成,表示否定意义。以下是其主要用法:
1. 基本结构
动词不定式的否定式为 not to do 或 never to do。
- 例句:
- She decided not to go to the party.
(她决定不去参加派对。) - He promised never to lie again.
(他承诺再也不撒谎。)
- She decided not to go to the party.
2. 作主语
否定不定式可用作句子主语,通常用形式主语 it 代替。
- 例句:
- Not to give up is important.
(不放弃很重要。) - It is important not to give up.
(不放弃很重要。)
- Not to give up is important.
3. 作宾语
否定不定式常用作动词的宾语。
- 例句:
- I want not to disturb anyone.
(我不想打扰任何人。) - She hopes not to fail the exam.
(她希望考试不挂科。)
- I want not to disturb anyone.
4. 作表语
否定不定式可用作表语,说明主语的内容。
- 例句:
- His goal is not to make mistakes.
(他的目标是不犯错。) - The plan is not to start until next week.
(计划是下周才开始。)
- His goal is not to make mistakes.
5. 作定语
否定不定式可修饰名词,作定语。
- 例句:
- She has the ability not to panic in emergencies.
(她有在紧急情况下不慌张的能力。) - This is a good opportunity not to miss.
(这是一个不容错过的好机会。)
- She has the ability not to panic in emergencies.
6. 作状语
否定不定式可用作状语,表示目的或结果。
- 例句:
- He studied hard not to fail the exam.
(他努力学习以免考试不及格。) - She left early not to be late.
(她早早离开以免迟到。)
- He studied hard not to fail the exam.
7. 与某些动词搭配
否定不定式常与 decide, hope, promise, try, want 等动词搭配。
- 例句:
- They decided not to continue the project.
(他们决定不继续这个项目。) - He tried not to laugh during the meeting.
(他努力不在会议上笑出来。)
- They decided not to continue the project.
8. 与某些形容词搭配
否定不定式可与 afraid, careful, happy, likely 等形容词搭配。
- 例句:
- She is afraid not to pass the test.
(她害怕考试不及格。) - He is careful not to make any mistakes.
(他小心避免犯错。)
- She is afraid not to pass the test.
总结
动词不定式的否定式通过在不定式前加 not 或 never 构成,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语,表示否定意义。