不定式作宾语的用法在英语中较为常见,通常用于某些动词后直接充当宾语,表示动作的目的、意图或未来的行为。以下是详细的分类及示例:
一、直接接不定式作宾语的动词
以下动词后**必须直接跟不定式(to do)**作宾语,不能接动名词(doing):
常见动词 | 示例 |
---|---|
agree | She agreed to help me.(她同意帮我。) |
decide | He decided to study abroad.(他决定出国留学。) |
hope | I hope to see you soon.(我希望很快见到你。) |
plan | They plan to travel next week.(他们计划下周旅行。) |
refuse | He refused to answer the question.(他拒绝回答问题。) |
promise | She promised to finish the work.(她承诺完成工作。) |
attempt | They attempted to climb the mountain.(他们尝试攀登那座山。) |
offer | He offered to drive me home.(他提出开车送我回家。) |
二、可接不定式或动名词,但意义不同的动词
某些动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义有明显区别:
动词 | 不定式(to do) | 动名词(doing) |
---|---|---|
stop | He stopped to rest.(他停下来休息。) | He stopped smoking.(他戒烟了。) |
remember | Remember to call her.(记得打电话给她。) | I remember calling her.(我记得打过电话给她。) |
forget | Don't forget to lock the door.(别忘了锁门。) | I forgot locking the door.(我忘记自己锁过门。) |
try | Try to finish the task.(尽力完成任务。) | Try restarting the computer.(试试重启电脑。) |
三、疑问词 + 不定式作宾语
当句子中存在疑问词(what, how, when等)时,可用“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语,表示对动作的疑问或建议:
结构 | 示例 |
---|---|
what to do | I don't know what to do next.(我不知道接下来该做什么。) |
how to solve | She taught me how to solve the problem.(她教我如何解决这个问题。) |
when to leave | We need to decide when to leave.(我们需要决定何时出发。) |
四、不定式作宾语的否定形式
否定不定式作宾语时,在不定式前加 not:
示例 | 说明 |
---|---|
She promised not to be late.(她保证不迟到。) | 否定形式:not + to do |
He decided not to attend the meeting.(他决定不参加会议。) |
五、特殊用法与注意事项
- it作形式宾语:
当不定式作宾语且后接补语(形容词或名词)时,常用 it 作形式宾语,真正宾语(不定式)后置:- I find it difficult to understand him.(我发现理解他很难。)
- They consider it their duty to help others.(他们认为帮助他人是他们的责任。)
- 被动语态中的不定式:
- She wants to be invited to the party.(她希望被邀请参加聚会。)
- The car needs to be repaired.(这辆车需要修理。)
- 省略to的情况:
在感官动词(see, hear, watch等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后,不定式作宾语补语时需省略 to:- I saw him leave the room.(我看见他离开了房间。)
- Let me try again.(让我再试一次。)
六、总结表格
用法类型 | 结构 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
直接接不定式 | 动词 + to do | He wants to buy a car. |
疑问词 + 不定式 | 疑问词 + to do | Tell me how to fix it. |
否定形式 | not + to do | She chose not to go. |
形式宾语it | 动词 + it + 补语 + to do | I think it easy to learn. |
重点记忆:
- 直接接不定式的动词(如 agree, decide, hope, plan 等)。
- 疑问词 + 不定式的灵活使用。
- 否定形式在不定式前的固定位置(not to do)。