定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:
- Take the medicine.
把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:
- He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:
- the sun
- the sky
- the moon
- the earth
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:
- the dollar 美元;
- the fox 狐狸;
或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:
- the rich 富人;
- the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面:
- Where do you live? I live on the second floor.
你住在哪?我住在二层。 - That's the very thing I've been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
- They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)
- They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
- She caught me by the arm.
她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
- the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国 - the United States
美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
- She plays the piano.
她会弹钢琴。
10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
- the Greens
格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11) 用在惯用语中:
- in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow
- the day before yesterday, the next morning,
- in the sky (water,field,country)
- in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,
- in the middle (of), in the end,
- on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre