without
1.比较下面四语:
- without A and B
- without A and without B
- without A or B
- without A or without B
第一种表达方式、第二种表达方式和第三种表达方式意思相同,都是A和B都没有。第四种表达方式是“没有A或没有B”,就是“没有A而有B,或没有B而有A”。说A和B都没有不该用第四种表达方式。
2.下面两句里的it和them可有可无:
- If there isn't one left, I shall have to do without (it).
- I can speak from notes only, though experienced speakers may manage without (them).