whole 的用法及固定搭配

whole

1.whole或the whole of不可用在复数形式的名词前面作“全体的”或“一切的”解,如可以说the whole book, the whole town, the whole of my money和the whole of humanity(全人类),但不可说:

  • My whole books are kept upstairs.
  • The whole of my books are kept upstairs.
  • The whole boys are at play.
  • The whole of the boys are at play.

该改作:

  • All (of) my books are kept upstairs.
  • All (of) the boys are at play.

关于of的用或不用,参见all 4

下面两点该注意:

(1)whole cities,whole days,whole groups等表达方式都可以说。但whole cities是“多个全城”,不是“一切的城”,whole days是“多个全天”,不是“一切的日子”,whole groups是“多个全组”,不是“一切的组”。

(2)his whole energies或the whole of his energies和the whole ten days都可以说。但energies在形式上虽然是复数,在意思上却等于单数,energies并不像books和boys那样是可数的名词。the whole ten days里的ten days指十天长的一段时间,并不指十个分开的日子。the whole ten days是“十天长的一段时间(并不缺少一天)”,the ten whole days是“十个全天”。

2.1里说可以说the whole of my money和the whole of humanity,但不可说my whole money或whole humanity。下面每组里的第一句和第二句是对的,第三句不对:

  • He ate the whole cake and drank the whole ofthe tea.
    He ate the whole cake and drank al! the tea.
    He ate the whole cake and drank the whole tea.
  • Nobody can have read the whole ofChinese poetry.
    Nobody can have read all Chinese poetry.
    Nobody can have read whole Chinese poetry.

第一组里的第一句不很自然。

可以说the whole of my money而不可说my whole money,但可以说the whole of my time,也可以说my whole time,因为time可以被看作整个的一个东西。可以说the whole of humanity而不可说whole humanity,但可以说the whole of the human race,也可以说the whole human race,因为humanity不是类名词,但race是类名词(比较all humanity和all the human race)。

3.不可说whole China或whole Shanghai,该改作the whole of China和the whole of Shanghai。

4.The whole city was not occupied是“这个城并没完全被占领”,不是“这个城完全没被占领”。

5.下面两句里的whole作“整个的”解:

  • We must learn to see things whole.
  • Surely you cannot eat an apple whole.

eat an apple whole是“把整个的一只苹果一口吃下”,eat a whole apple是“把整个的一只苹果吃下”。