notwithstanding
下面各句意思相同，但除了第一句以外现在都不普通：
- He went notwithstanding my advice.
- He went, my advice notwithstanding.
- He went notwithstanding that I had advised him not to go.
- He went notwithstanding I had advised him not to go.
- I had advised him not to go, notwithstanding, he went.
- I had advised him not to go, he went, notwithstanding.
就语法讲，第二句是原来的结构，notwithstanding是not＋withstanding，my advice notwithstanding是独立结构，直译作“我的劝告不（能）阻止”，全句直译作“他去了，我的劝告不（能）阻止（他的离去）”。
