last(ly) 的用法及固定搭配

last(ly)

1.关于lastly的用法,参见firstly。但lastly往往用作“末了”解。例如:Lastly,I must explain that I fully agree with what the chairman says. 用Lastly并不意味着上文用过First(ly),Secondly,Thirdly等。firstly没有相当于这用法的用法。

2.the last two,the last three等表达方式比the two last,the three last等表达方式普通,也合理些。

3.last往往用作last letter(最近的信)解。例如:As I said in my last, I am in good health.

4.When did you see him last? 和When did you last see him? 都可以说。

5.at last比at the last普通。at long last和at the long last都作at last解,但含有“虽然经过了长时期”的意思。

at last,at the last等表达方式都只指时间,不指文章里的“末了”,如不可说At (the) last, I have to repeat my advice。该把At (the) last改作Finally或Lastly。

6.last Monday,last night,last evening,last week,last month,last April,last year,last spring,last Christmas等都可以说,但不可说last morning,last afternoon或last day,该说yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon和yesterday。

7.在6里所说的几个last...都可以用作状语短语,前面不加介词,如可以说They arrived last Monday和I saw him last April。不可说...on last Monday和...in last April。但把last Monday,last Tuesday,last Wednesday等改成了Monday last,Tuesday last,Wednesday last等便该加上on。例如:They arrived on Monday last. 同样地,把last April,last May,last June等改成了了April last,May last,June last等便该加上in。例如:I saw him in April last. 注意不可说night last,evening last,week last,month last,year last,spring last,Christmas last等。

8.last Monday,on Monday last等里的last作“最近过去的”解,并不作“上星期的”解,如假定今天是10月30日星期四,所说last Monday或on Monday last是指10月27日,并不指10月20日。说“上星期的星期几”该说on ...last week,如on Friday last week。当然有时...last week等于last...或...last,如假定今天是10月30日星期四,所说last Friday或Friday last是指10月24日,Friday last week也是指10月24日。同样地,last April,in April last等里的last作“最近过去的”解,并不作“去年的”解,如假定现在是10月,所说last April或in April last是指今年的4月,并不指去年的4月。说“去年的某月”该说in ... last year,如in April last year。当然有时...last year等于last...或...last,如假定现在是10月,所说last December或December last是指去年的12月,December last year也是指去年的12月。

9.可以说the last week or two,不可说the last one or two weeks,但可以说the last two or three weeks。

10.You don't look a day older than the last time I saw you years ago里的the用的多,不用的少。The last time I heard of him he was in the army里的The也用的多,不用的少。The last I heard of him he was in the army里的The也用的多,不用的少。

11.the last thing是习语,用作状语短语,作“作为最后做的一件事”解。例如:We must lock the door the last thing, before we go to bed.

12.of the last importance和in the last degree里的last都作“极端的”解。

13.说“末第二”,“末第三”等不可说last second,last third等,该说last but one,last but two等。last but one直译作“除了一个以外的最后”,就是“末第二”。

14.至少有了三个人或物才有一个是last,例如在A,B,C里,C是last,在A,B,C,D,E,F里F是last。只有两个就没有last,如在A,B里的B是second或latter,不是last。所以可以说the last quarter of the century和the last third of the century,该说second half或latter half。

15.在理论上讲last是“最后的”,latest是“截至现在(或当时)为止最后的”,就是“最近过去的”。例如:This is his latest book, I hope it is not his last. (这是他的最新著作,我希望它不是他的最后的[著作]。)但事实上并不这样简单,下面几点该注意:

(1)last是“最后的”,latest是“最晚的”,要是把The last train on Sunday leaves at 11.50里的last train改作了latest train,在事实上没有区别。

(2)上面6,7,8里所举的所有例子里的last,在理论上都该改作latest,但在事实上都不可改。

(3)下面两句里用latest好些,但也可以改用last:

  • The latest news is that the floods are subsiding.
  • The latest number of the magazine came out yesterday.

16.last作动词用,作“持续”、“足够”解。下面四句都可以说:

  • The supply will last five days.
  • The supply will last me five days.
  • The supply will last for five days.
  • The supply will last me for five days.