help 的用法及固定搭配

2020年11月14日 词汇

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help

1.用作“帮助”解的时候，help后面接不定式或宾语和不定式，不可接动名词，如可以说This book will help to improve your English和This book will help you to improve your English。不可说This book will help improving your English。那不定式的to往往省去，如This book will help improve your English和This book will help you improve your English。这种省略在美国比在英国普通。但当helped用在被动语态的时候，后面的不定式的to不可省去。例如：You will be helped to improve your English.

不可说This book will help your improving your English，也不可说This book will help you improving your English，该改作This book will help you in improving your English。

照上面看来，下面两句都可以说：

  • This book will help to improve your English.
  • This book will help improve your English.

下面三句也都可以说：

  • This book will help you to improve your English.
  • This book will help you improve your English.
  • This book will help you in improving your English.

但下面两句里的to通常不省去：

  • This book will help to use（或write，或speak，或read）English.
  • This book will help you to use（或write，或speak，或read）English.

因为书只能improve，却不能use, write, speak或read。比较下面四句，第四句不很自然：

  • He helped me to plant trees.
  • He helped me plant trees.
  • His advice helped me to plant trees.
  • His advice helped me plant trees.

2.在用作“避免”解的时候，help后面接动名词，不可接不定式，如可以说I cannot help thinking so，不可说I cannot help to think so。

3.cannot help（不能避免、不得不）后面接动名词和cannot but后面接没有to的不定式意思相同，如I cannot help thinking so和I cannot but think so。第一种形式比第二种形式通俗。也有人在cannot help but后面接没有to的不定式。例如：I cannot help but think so. 主要用在美国。

4.照字面讲，下面两句都不对（两句都作“请尽量少说话”解）：

  • Don't talk more than you can help.
  • Talk as little as you can help.

照理该把第一句里的can改作cannot，把第二句里的help去掉。但事实上这两句都合乎习惯，而且第一句里用了cannot反而不自然。假使要兼顾习惯和理论，该把第一句里can help改作need或must，或者把more than you can help改作too much或unnecessarily。

5.help在美国往往指“佣工”，指一个或多个都有，往往看不出指一个或多个，如His help is a young man里的help指一个，All his help are young men里的help指多个，但His help left him last week里的help看不出指一个或多个。all his help和all his helps意思相同。有时用a help。

help这种用法原来是为了避免servant等单词。

6.with（或without）the help of others里用of，有the, with（或without）help from others里用from，没有the。

7.Will ¥ 50 be (of) any help? 和I'm afraid the book will not be (of) much help to you等句子里的of用的少，不用的多。