down 的用法及固定搭配

down

1.down和up是显然相反的,但下面几点该注意:

(1)说“南”用down,说“北”用up,跟我国的“南下”和“北上”相同。例如:He has gone down south. 和He has gone up north.

(2)说“沿海”用down,说“内地”用up,如he has gone down to the coast和He has gone up to the country。up to the country似乎不及up the country,up country,up-country或upcountry普通。

(3)说“乡村”用down,说“城市”用up,如He has gone down to the country和He has gone up to town。在英国up to town或up in town通常指首都伦敦。

(4)说河的“下游”(近河口)用down,说河的“上游”(近发源地)用up,如He has sailed down the river和He has sailed up the river。

(5)说城市的“商业区”(热闹的)用down,说城市的“住宅区”(冷静的)用up,如He comes down town(或down-town,或down town)every morning和he lives up town(或up-town,或up town)。这主要是美国用法,参见down(-)town

(6)说“沿(街、弄等)”用down或up没有区别。例如:He is walking down(或up)the street.

2.比较下面两句:

A cat jumped down the ladder. (一只猫在梯子上跳下来[沿着梯子一跳一跳地下来]。)

A cat jumped down from the ladder. (一只猫从梯子上跳下来[一刹那的动作]。)

3.He is up是“他已经起身。”He is down是“他已经离开卧室(或梳洗室)。”可以说He is up and down。