claim 的用法及固定搭配

claim

1.claim在一般词典里注作“要求”,其实是“把…看作自己所应该得到的而要求它”,如不可说He claimed my coat或My friend has many flowers, I shall claim some。

2.claim是及物动词,后面不可接for,如不可说He claims for the property。该把for删去。

3.claim后面接不定式,在英国有时作“把…看作自己所应该得到的而要求它”解,有时作“要求他人承认…”解,如He claims to be rewarded(他以为该受奖赏而要求奖赏)和He claims to be the owner(他要求他人承认他是所有者)。在美国也有这两解,但那第二解在英国有一种限制而在美国没有这种限制。在英国那不定式所表示的总是有利于自己的,如He claims to be the owner和He claims to have succeeded。在美国那不定式所表示的也许不利于自己,如He claims to be a cheat和He claims to have failed。

4.claim后面接宾语和不定式(claim作assert, maintain或represent解)是一种不正当的结构。例如:He claims it to be true.这结构成了被动语态也是不正当的。例如:It is claimed to be true.

5.claim后面接以that引导的从句有时作“把…看作当然的事而要求它”解,有时作“力言”或“声称”解,如He claims that he should be better treated(他以为该受到好些的待遇而要求它)和He claims that he is not well treated(他力言他并未受到好的待遇)。注意第一句里用should。这第二解在美国很普通,在英国被看作不正当。

6.在5里所讲的claim是动词。claim用作名词(后面不一定接以that引导的从句)有同样的情形,如His claim is that he should be better treated是英美通用的,但He makes the claim that he is not well treated在英国被看作不正当。

7.lay claim to(力言自己有得到…的权利)里没有a, the, his等词。注意lay claim to后面接动名词,如He lays claim to being her father和The book lays no claim to being perfect里的being不可改作be。但make no claim后面接不定式,不接to和动名词。例如:I make no claim to be always right.