英国的多元文化是怎样形成的?

People from all cultures and ethnicities can be found in every corner of Britain. If you walk down a street in Britain, especially in the bigger cities, you will usually see people with different hair, skin and eye colours. They may have white, brown or black skin and blonde , brown, black, or red hair, with blue, black, brown or green eyes.
来自不同文化和种族的人遍布英国的各个角落。走在英国的大街上,特别是大城市的大街上,你会看到各种发色、肤色以及各种眼睛颜色的人。他们可能是白种人、黄种人,也可能是黑种人;他们可能有着金发、棕发、黑发或者红发;他们可能是蓝色的眼睛、黑色的眼睛,也可能是棕色或者绿色的眼睛。

Britain is and has always been a mixed race society. Early in the history they were invaded by Romans, Saxons, Vikings and Normans armies and later Africans were brought to Britain. Over the years, thousands of people have arrived in Britain as refugees from France, Ireland, Russia, and other countries, escaping from persecution or famine in their own countries. People moving to Britain have brought their own cultures and try to keep two cultures alive. An excellent example of this is the Notting Hill Carnival which celebrates the Caribbean Culture and is now a very big part of the British life today.
英国一直以来都是混杂着各种种族的社会。在历史的早期,英国曾被罗马人、撒克逊人、维京人以及诺曼人侵略过,稍后,非洲人也来到了英国。随着时间的推移,为了逃离国内的迫害或者饥荒,成千上万的来自法国、爱尔兰、俄罗斯以及其他国家的人也来到了英国。搬到英国的人们带来了他们的文化,并在适应英国文化的同时还保留着他们的文化传统。关于这一说法的一个很好的例子就是诺丁山狂欢节——这个曾为庆祝加勒比文化的节日已成为英国人生活的一部分。

Knowing the history of the Caribbean region goes a long way toward understanding its people. Each island has a unique cultural identity shaped by the European colonialists , the African heritage of slaves, and the enduring legacies of the native Indian tribes. This rich history and its lasting influence is set against a backdrop of crystal clear waters and perpetual sunshine.
了解加勒比地区的历史很大程度上在于了解加勒比地区的人们。受欧洲殖民主义者、非洲奴隶传统、本土印第安部落的影响,每个岛屿都有不同的文化身份。与清澈透明的海水和永恒的阳光相对应地就是加勒比地区的悠久历史以及其深远的影响。

The Caribbean lifestyle is undoubtedly a product of its tropical setting. The music, architecture , attitudes and customs have all, in some way, been shaped by the physical landscape and climate. The cultures of the Caribbean countries are a blend of colonial mainstays and pervasive influences by major ethnic groups of the region such as East Indians and Africans. Old African culture and customs influence much of the religious worship, artistic expression, rhythmic dancing, singing and even ways of thinking in the Caribbean.
加勒比地区是典型的热带生活方式。该地区的音乐、建筑、态度以及习俗在一定程度上都深受其自然景观以及气候的影响。加勒比国家的文化同时受着殖民文化以及本地主要种族如东印第安人以及非洲人影响。古老的非洲文化以及习俗影响着加勒比人的信仰、艺术表现形式、节奏感强烈的舞蹈方式、唱歌方式,甚至思考方式。

Music has been central to Caribbean culture since the days of slavery, when it was a mode of mental survival and a form of recreation. Today there is a ubiquitous Caribbean soundtrack; it plays on city streets, in natives' homes and at special festivals—at Carnival people tirelessly dance for days. It is characterized by a natural, easy rhythm and multiple ethnic influences, particularly the African drum beat.
自奴隶制度存在的时代开始,音乐就作为一种精神生存以及娱乐方式对加勒比文化有着至关重要的作用。现在,加勒比独特的音乐声带无处不在——大街上、家里以及特殊的节日庆典上,如在狂欢节上成为人们不知疲倦舞蹈的背景乐。它的特点是,节奏自然、轻松,并深受多个民族的影响,尤其是非洲鼓。