liable、apt、likely、prone与subject这些形容词均含“倾向于……的、易于……的”之意。
liable : 指易于产生某种不利的结果,侧重偶然性,常表示警告或提醒。
- The areas of town near the river are liable to flooding (= are often flooded).
这个城镇靠近河边的地区很容易遭到水淹。 - He's liable to make a fuss if you wake him.
你如果把他吵醒了,他会大发雷霆的。
apt : 口语中常用,指自然的或习惯的倾向,无特殊的褒贬意味,常指在一般情况下发生的事。
- The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
一下雨厨房屋顶就容易漏。 - She's in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.
她已经80多岁了,有些健忘。
likely : 侧重可能性,用于指将来,预言希望或所不希望的结果。
- What's the likely outcome of this whole business?
整个事件可能会出现什么结果? - I suppose that might happen but it's not very likely.
我认为那样的事也许会发生,但可能性不大。
prone : 多用于人,着重其本性,或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。
- 她喜欢贪求名望,这一点是肯定的。
She is prone to lust after prestige, that's for sure. - 她分居的丈夫甚至在青少年时期就容易情绪抑郁。
Her estranged husband was prone to depression even as a teenager.
(拓展学习:小词详解 | prone)
subject : 指确实可以察觉的倾向,也就是总结出来的规律。
- Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
由于有雾,航班可能延误。