hurt、injure、wound、harm、damage与disable这些动词均有“损害、伤害”之意。
hurt : 普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。
- Tell me where it hurts.
告诉我哪儿疼。 - My head hurts.
我的头疼。 - She says that her ear hurts her.
她说她的耳朵疼。 - Emma hurt her back when she fell off her horse.
埃玛从马上摔下来，背部受了伤。
injure较hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。
- A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people.
一颗炸弹在大使馆爆炸，造成数人受伤。 - She fell and injured her shoulder.
她摔伤了肩膀。 - He was badly injured in the crash.
他在车祸中受了重伤。 - He claimed that working too hard was injuring his health.
他声称工作过度辛劳损害了他的健康。
wound : 专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。
- Flying glass wounded her in the face and neck.
飞溅的玻璃划伤了她的脸和颈部。 - The police chief was badly wounded in the explosion.
警长在爆炸中受了重伤。
harm : 主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于injure，指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。
- Thankfully no one was harmed in the accident.
谢天谢地，没有人在事故中受伤。 - The government's reputation has already been harmed by a series of scandals.
政府的声誉已因一系列丑闻受到了损害。
damage : 通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。
- Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。 - It was a scandal that damaged a lot of reputations.
这是一桩使人名誉扫地的丑闻。
disable : 强调使伤残。
- She was disabled in the accident.
她在那次事故中致残。
