区别辨析fast、quick、rapid、swift、hasty、prompt、speedy与instant

fast、quick、rapid、swift、hasty、prompt、speedy与instant这些形容词均含有“快速”的意思。

fast : 常指人或物持续地高速运动,强调运动的方式。

  • fast cars
    速度快的汽车
  • a fast swimmer
    速度快的游泳者
  • Computers are getting faster all the time.
    计算机的速度在不断提升。

(拓展学习:熟词僻义 | fast 是一种什么饮食方式?

quick : 特指瞬时动作,强调动作敏捷迅速;也指匆忙的行为,而不暗示速度很快。

  • It's a quick journey.
    这次行程很短。
  • I had a quick coffee and left the house.
    我匆匆喝完咖啡,离开了家。
  • I only had time for a quick glance at the paper this morning.
    今天早上我的时间只够匆匆浏览一下报纸。

rapid 比 fast 和 quick 正式,常指运动本身,侧重速度惊人。所指动作可能是短暂的,也可能是持续的。

  • The 1990s were a period of rapid change/growth.
    20世纪90年代是一个迅猛突变/发展的时期。
  • I was startled by a rapid movement to my left.
    我左边什么东西猛地动了一下,吓了我一跳。
  • His response to the accusation was rapid.
    他对这种指责马上作出了回应。

swift : 正式用词,强调非常迅速,往往含动作轻快敏捷之意。

  • The police took swift action against the rioters.
    警方对暴动人员迅速采取了行动。
  • Thank you for your swift reply.
    感谢您的即时回复。
  • The gazelle is one of the swiftest and most graceful of animals.
    瞪羚是最敏捷、最优雅的动物之一。

hasty : 多指匆忙、草率或仓促的行动,着重缺乏深思熟虑。

  • He warned against making hasty decisions.
    他警告过不要仓促作出决定。
  • Now let's not leap to any hasty conclusions.
    现在我们不要仓促得出结论。
  • We saw the rain and made a hasty retreat into the bar.
    我们看见下雨了,于是就匆忙躲进酒吧里。
  • I think perhaps we were a little hasty in judging him.
    我认为我们对他的评价可能有点轻率。

prompt : 主要指动作迅速,毫不拖延,含“快得令人愉悦”的意味。

  • They've written back already - that was a very prompt reply.
    他们已经回信了——答复相当迅速。
  • They're usually fairly prompt in dealing with enquiries.
    他们回复咨询通常都比较快。
  • Try to be prompt because we'll be very short of time.
    尽量快点,因为我们时间很紧。

speedy : 指人或物或其运动、活动时,着重极度的快捷,多含匆忙意味。

  • He's a very speedy worker.
    他干起活儿来很麻利。
  • We need to take speedy action/make a speedy decision.
    我们需要迅速采取行动/迅速作出决定。

instant : 指某事很快发生或急待解决,含刻不容缓之意。

  • In an instant her mood had changed.
    顷刻间她的情绪就变了。
  • The startled boy froze for an instant, then fled.
    那个受惊的男孩愣了片刻,然后就逃跑了。