crime、sin、guilt、offence与violation这些名词均含有“犯法、犯罪、罪恶”之意。
crime : 指严重的违法行为或罪行。
- petty/serious crime
轻微的 / 严重的犯罪 - the connection between drugs and organized crime
毒品与有组织犯罪之间的联系
sin : 主要指违反道德原则或违反宗教戒律的过失或罪过行为。
- to commit/confess a sin
犯罪／忏悔罪过 - He thinks a lot about sin.
他对罪孽有很多思考。
guilt : 多用于指违反道德或社会标准的不法行为，含应予惩办之意。这种惩办是以证据为根据的。
- Both suspects admitted their guilt to the police.
两名嫌疑人都向警方认了罪。 - The prosecution's task in a case is to establish a person's guilt beyond any reasonable doubt.
在庭审案件中，控方的任务就是要证明被告有罪。
offence : 使用广，可泛指对任何规则、道德标准、法律、纪律等的违反与触犯，其罪行可重可轻。
- a serious/minor offence
重／轻罪 - a criminal/drink-driving offence
刑事罪／酒后驾车罪 - Driving without a licence is an offence.
无照驾驶是违法行为。
violation : 指违背誓言、条约、规则以及良心等，也指侵犯权利。
- He claimed that the way he'd been treated was a gross violation of his civil/constitutional/human rights.
他声称他们如此对待他是对他的公民权／宪法所赋予的权利／人权的粗暴侵犯。 - The takeover of the embassy constitutes a flagrant/blatant violation of international law.
占领大使馆是公然违反国际法的行为。
