经济学人双语精读:为何机器人应该从植物那里汲取更多灵感

Robotics
机器人学

Why robots should take more inspiration from plants
为何机器人应该从植物那里汲取更多灵感

They would be able to grow, grip and move in more useful ways
这样它们就能够以更多有用的方式生长、抓握和移动

THE ENORMOUS titular robots of the “Transformers” universe, a popular franchise spanning toys, TV series, video games and films, move along the ground in one of two ways. On wheels, when they are shaped like vehicles; on giant humanoid feet when they are not. For decades, most real-world robots also fell neatly into these two fictional paradigms.
在玩具、电视剧、电子游戏和电影组成的“变形金刚”宇宙中,巨大的机器人主角们有两种在地面移动的方式:变形为车辆时用轮子,其余时候用巨大的人形双足行走。几十年来,现实世界中大多数机器人也就是按这两种虚构范式移动的。

  • enormous 巨大的;庞大的;极大的
  • titular 表示“标题的、书名的”以及戏剧、电影、小说中的人物“被用作标题、剧名、片名、书名的”(参见:小词详解 | titular
  • franchise (公司授予的)特许经销权;(国家授予的)特别经营权,特许
  • paradigm 表示“范例、示例、样板、典范”,常作正式或专业用语使用,主要指事物的非常清晰且典型的例子或模式(参见:小词详解 | paradigm

Then, around 15 years ago, came the realisation that other means of locomotion were possible. “Zoomorphic” robots mined the animal kingdom for inspiration, piggybacking on evolution’s millennia of research and development. One mimicked an octopus’s malleable arm, allowing it to easily grasp objects and manoeuvre into tight, tricky spaces. Another replicated the ridge-covered toes of a gecko and, consequently, its ability to scale walls.
大约15年前,人们意识到还有其他移动方式可用。“动物仿生”机器人从动物界汲取灵感,借力进化历经亿万年的研发成果。有一款仿生机器人的“手臂”模仿了章鱼可以伸展的触手,能轻松抓取物体,还能灵活探入狭小曲折的空间。还有一款复制了壁虎那满是脊状构造的脚趾,从而复制了它们攀爬墙壁的能力。

  • locomotion 动(力);运动(力)
  • piggyback 背着;肩驮
  • malleable 可锻造的;可轧压的;易成型的
  • manoeuvre (使谨慎或熟练地)移动,运动;转动