cause、reason与excuse这些名词均有“原因”之意。
cause : 指直接导致事情发生的原因,与所发生的事个有因果关系。
- Unemployment is a major cause of poverty.
失业是贫困的主要原因。 - There was discussion about the fire and its likely cause.
对那场火灾及其可能的起因进行了讨论。
reason : 强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因,不是直接说明起因。
- The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error.
这次灾难的原因是发动机故障,而非人为错误。 - The reason why grass is green was a mystery to the little boy.
对这个小男孩来说,草为什么是绿色的是一个谜。
excuse : 指为自己辩解,希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由,是借口性的理由。
- He'd better have a good excuse for being late.
他迟到最好有正当的理由。 - I've never known him to miss a meeting - I'm sure he'll have an excuse.
据我所知,他从来没有缺席过会议——我敢肯定他不来是有原因的。 - There's no excuse for that sort of behaviour.
根本没什么借口为那种行为开脱。