Bartleby
巴托比
How big is the role of luck in career success?
运气在事业成功中扮演多大角色?
Lubar: lucky beyond all recognition
有一种幸运，超乎你的想象
Luck plays a big and often unacknowledged part in career success, starting in the womb. Warren Buffett has talked of winning the “ovarian lottery” by being born in America when he was, and being wired in a way that pays off in a market economy. Good looks are associated with higher pay and a greater chance of being called to interview in hiring processes. Your experience of discrimination will reflect your circumstances of birth.
事业能否成功，运气起着很大的作用，尽管这一点往往得不到承认。其实运气在娘胎里就开始起作用了。沃伦·巴菲特（Warren Buffett）曾说过，他赢得了“卵巢彩票”，当年得以出生在美国，性情禀赋也契合市场经济，能为他带来回报。相貌出色意味着更高的薪水，在招聘过程中也更有可能获得面试机会。你受歧视的经历会反映出你的出身背景。
- womb 子宫
- ovarian 卵巢的
- pay off 偿清、还清（债务）；还清债务、用钱打发；成功、赢利
The early way-stations in a career are often marked by chance: a particularly encouraging boss, say, or an assignment that leads you off in an unexpected but defining direction. Luck can affect the pathways of the most rational-minded professions. A paper published in 2022 by Qi Ge of Vassar College and Stephen Wu of Hamilton College found that economists with harder-to-pronounce names, including within ethnic groups, were less likely to be placed into academic jobs or get tenure-track positions.
职业生涯起步阶段的小节点往往是由偶然性促成的，比如遇到了一个特别爱鼓励人的老板，或者负责的某个任务意想不到地决定了你的职业发展航向。就算是在最讲求理性的行当，个人前途也可能受运气影响。瓦萨学院（Vassar College）的葛琪（Qi Ge，音译）和汉密尔顿学院（Hamilton College）的斯蒂芬·吴（Stephen Wu，音译）在2022年发表的一篇论文发现，名字难念的经济学家获得学术职位或终身教职的可能性更小，就算在本族裔内部也是如此。
- 拓展学习：熟词僻义 | lead 是一种什么金属？
- rational-minded 理智的、理性的
- tenure （尤指重要政治职务的）任期，任职；（尤指大学教师的）终身职位，长期聘用；（房地产的）保有权，保有期
Names can work against economists in other ways. Another study, by Liran Einav of Stanford University and Leeat Yariv, now of Princeton University, found that faculty with earlier surname initials were more likely to receive tenure at top departments, an effect they put down to the fact that authors of economics papers tend to be listed alphabetically.
姓名还可能在其他方面对经济学家产生不利影响。斯坦福大学的利兰·艾纳夫（Liran Einav）和现在供职于普林斯顿大学的莉亚特·雅利夫（Leeat Yariv）进行的另一项研究发现，姓氏首字母排名较靠前的教师更有可能在王牌院系获得终身教职，他们认为原因是经济学论文作者的名字往往是按字母顺序排列的。
- faculty （高等院校中院、系的）全体教师
