assume、presume、suppose、guess与postulate这些动词均含为“假设、猜想、推测”之意。
assume :指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。
- Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。 - She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.
他认为,她会在通常时间回到家的。
presume :侧重以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。
- I presumed him to be her husband.
我料想那就是她丈夫。 - Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.
对于最小的儿子一般所知甚少,据推测他已经夭亡。
suppose :常用词,意义较广泛,指缺乏确切事实,根据一些现象进行的推测,也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定,有时仅表示自己的意见。
- I had supposed his wife a younger woman.
我原以为他妻子要更年轻。 - Why do you suppose he resigned?
你凭什么推断他辞职了呢?
guess :常用词,指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
- We can only guess at her reasons for leaving.
对她离去的原因我们只能猜测。
postulate :指为证实一个理论的正确性而进行的假设。
- They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container.
他们假定塑料容器的寿命为500年。