本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
考研 CET6 IELTS TOEFL TEM8 GRE
外刊例句
- Joe Biden's new border policies irritate the extremes.
乔·拜登的新边境政策激怒了极端分子。
——《经济学人》 - Even brief exposures to wildfire smoke can irritate your nose, leading to sneezing, congestion and the sniffles, he said.
他说,即便是短暂暴露在野火的烟雾中,也会刺激你的鼻子,导致打喷嚏、鼻塞和流鼻涕。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] make (someone) annoyed or a little angry
[动词] 使(某人)恼怒或有点生气
深入解读
Irritate 是一个与常见单词 irrigate (灌溉;冲洗)十分形似的单词,同时也与小站(微信公众号:田间小站)推送过的 gravitate, precipitate, agitate 等有着相同结尾,几个单词可以一并联想记忆。
从词源上来看, irritate 最早于16世纪30年代由拉丁语 irritare (使激动、激怒、使恼怒)的过去分词 irritatus 进入英语,也是用来表示“激怒、使恼火、使烦躁”,侧重指因不断重复发生的事情而逐渐激起愤怒,其情绪表现范围可从一时单纯的不耐烦到狂怒爆发。比如:
- 那个小官员故意操那种口音的样子实在令我恼火。
The way the petty official puts on that accent really irritates me. - 我不论说什么她都全盘接受,这倒惹我不耐烦起来。
Her blanket acceptance of everything I said began to irritate me.
从这个概念出发, irritate 还常用来引申指“刺激”皮肤或身体部位,使之过敏、发痒、发炎、疼痛或酸痛。比如:
- 有些药物会刺激胃内壁。
Some drugs can irritate the lining of the stomach. - 皮肤很容易受到刺激、发生皴裂、擦得红肿和出现过敏。
Skin is easily irritated, chapped, chafed, and sensitized.
名著用例
He was irritated a shade because it could not have come about in the throw of fortune for Carrie to be pleased.
他有点恼怒,因为嘉莉那么幸运地找到了工作,却竟然不满意这个活。
出自美国现实主义作家西奥多·德莱赛(Theodore Dreiser)创作的长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》(Sister Carrie)。参见:名著下载 | 嘉莉妹妹(Sister Carrie)
同近义词
- vex: make (someone) feel annoyed, frustrated, or worried, especially with trivial matters
- nettle: irritate or annoy (someone)
- pique: feel irritated or resentful