afraid、fearful、awful、dreadful、frightful、terrible、horrible、terrific与 appalling 这些形容词均含“害怕的、可怕的”之意。
afraid :指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。
- I started to feel afraid of going out alone at night.
我开始害怕夜间单独外出了。
fearful :普通用词,既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧,又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。
- Parents are ever fearful for their children.
父母总是为子女担忧。
awful :指威严得令人害怕或敬畏,有一定的感情色彩。
- the awful horrors of war
骇人听闻的战争恐怖
dreadful :指使人非常恐惧,毛骨悚然,也使人感到讨厌而退缩。
- a dreadful accident
可怕的事故 - They suffered dreadful injuries.
他们严重受伤。
frightful :指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。
- My father was unable to talk about the war, it was so frightful.
我父亲没法谈论那场战争,那太可怕了。
terrible :侧重指给人以长久的惊骇,极端的恐怖,令人难以忍受。
- a terrible experience
令人极不愉快的经历 - I've just had a terrible thought.
我刚刚产生了一个可怕的想法。
horrible :指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然,着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。
- Still the horrible shrieking came out of his mouth.
他的嘴里还是发出了恐怖的尖叫声。
terrific :多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。
- I've got a terrific amount of work to do.
我有大量的工作要做。 - We drove along at a terrific speed.
我们以极快的速度驱车行驶。
appalling :指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。
- 他们国家的铁路服务现在糟透了。
The rail service in their country is appalling now. - 对于那些仍然生活在恶劣环境中的人来说,这并没有缓解他们的情绪。
It did little to assuage the feelings of those still dwelling in appalling conditions.
(拓展学习:小词详解 | appal)