advise、caution、warn、admonish与counsel这些动词均有“劝告、忠告、警告”之意。
advise ：普通用词，泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。
- I would strongly advise against going out on your own.
我要极力奉劝你别单独外出。
caution ：主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意味。
- The government cautioned that pay increases could lead to job losses.
政府警告说增加工资会导致失业。
warn ：含义与caution相同，但语气较重，尤指重后果。
- She was warned that if she did it again she would lose her job.
她被警告说如果她再这样做就会丢掉工作。
admonish ：一般指年长者或领导对已犯错误的或有过失的人提出的忠告或警告，以避免类似错误。
- 那位德高望重的老人责备我不应拿自己的健康冒险。
The venerable old man admonished me for taking risks with my health. - 她的老师劝告她想通过考试就要下点工夫死记硬背。
Her teacher admonished her to do some rote learning for her exams.
（拓展学习：小词详解 | admonish）
counsel ：正式用词，语气比advise强一些，侧重指对重要问题提出的劝告、建议或咨询。
- Most experts counsel caution in such cases.
大多数专家建议在这样的情况下要谨慎从事。
