across、along、over与through这些前置词均有“横过、穿过”之意。
across :指“从……的一边到另一边”,强调横过,多与动态动词连用。
along :指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态,有时也与静态动词连用。
- She walked east along Van Buren Street through a region of lessening importance, until it deteriorated into a mass of shanties and coal-yards, and finally verged upon the river.
她沿着凡布伦街朝东走,穿过一个不太豪华的地段,继续往前走,房子变得越来越一般,渐渐出现了简陋小屋和煤场,最后到了河边。
——《嘉莉妹妹》(参见:名著下载 | 嘉莉妹妹(Sister Carrie))
over :常和动态动词连用,指“从……上面越过”或“横越”;表静态时,指“在彼处”。
- He rowed us over to the other side of the lake.
他把我们摆渡到湖的对岸。 - This is my aunt who's over from Canada.
这是我姑姑,她是从加拿大过来的。
through :侧重从一端穿到另一端。
- The bullet went straight through him.
子弹从他身上穿了过去。