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考研 TOEFL TEM8 GRE
外刊例句
- And Tesla needs to issue more equity to fund its ambitious plans, which will dilute him.
特斯拉需要发行更多的股票为其雄心勃勃的计划融资,这又将摊薄马斯克的股权。
——《经济学人》 - When the ice melts, it will dilute the mixture, resulting in more volume to drink.
冰块融化时,它会稀释混合物,从而增加饮用量。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it
[动词] 通过添加水或其他溶剂使(某个液体)变稀
深入解读
Dilute 是一个可以与乐器 lute (鲁特琴)联想记忆的单词。
该词源自拉丁语 diluere (溶解、冲走、稀释)的过去分词 dilutus ,16世纪中期进入英语后,先是用来喻指“削弱、减轻、降低”,主要指通过对其修改或添加其他元素而使某物在力量、强度、风味、价值等上更弱,比如:
- 大班上课会降低孩子所受教育的质量。
Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive.
而其本义“稀释、冲淡”则是到了17世纪60年代才开始在英语中使用,即通过添加水或其他溶剂使某个液体变稀,后来也可以指使颜色变淡或者说褪色,以及在财会领域表示稀释股权(在不增加公司资产价值的情况下通过发行更多的股份来降低股权的价值),比如:
- 掺水冲淡威士忌
dilute whisky with water - 根据个人口味稀释后饮用
to dilute to taste
用作形容词时, dilute 相应表示“稀释了的、冲淡了的”,颜色“褪了的”,力量、强度、风味、价值等“减弱了的”,以及在生动性、趣味性等方面“淡化了的”,比如:
- 一篇鬼故事的淡化版本
the dilute version of a ghost story
名著用例
The rain still continued, the candlelight falling upon the nearest drops and making glistening darts of them as they descended across the throng of invisible ones behind. To plunge into that medium was to plunge into water slightly diluted with air.
雨还在下,烛光照在最近处的雨点上,使它们像是闪光的飞镖直往下落,背后是茫茫一片看不见的大雨。冲入雨中,等于是冲入稍稍用空气稀释的水里。
出自英国小说家托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy)的长篇小说《还乡》(The Return of the Native)。
同近义词
- adulterate: render (something) poorer in quality by adding another substance, typically an inferior one
- doctor: alter the content of (a drink, food, or substance) by adding strong or harmful ingredients
- thin: make or become weaker or more watery