本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
TOEFL SAT TEM4 TEM8 GRE
外刊例句
- Other Democratic politicians went along for the ride, while grumbling that their president was disappointingly aloof and risk-averse.
其他的民主党政客当时只是去凑凑热闹,抱怨奥巴马的冷漠和对风险的规避令人失望。
——《经济学人》 - Cats have a reputation for being aloof, but a new study has found that their relationships with their owners may be stronger than we thought.
猫以冷漠著称,但一项新的研究发现,它们与主人的关系可能比我们想象的要牢固。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[adjective] not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant
[形容词] 不友好或不乐于助人的;冷淡和疏远的
深入解读
Aloof 原本是一个航海术语,该词由前缀 a- (处于……的状态)+ 中古英语 loof (向风方向)构成。
话说在帆船时代,当船只的下风方向存在礁石、海岸等障碍时,倘若遇上大风,那么船只便会被吹向下风方向,从而发生触礁、撞岸等危险事故。
那么这时就需要将船只向上风方向转舵,使船头顶风行驶,以远离下风处的危险障碍物。这种向风行驶背离下风处的行驶状态在古时就被称为 aloof 。
此时对于海岸上的人来说,船只处于视野范围之内但向外远离。由此 aloof 便用来引申指“游离在外的、置身事外的”,主要指明显易见地不参与和不感兴趣某事,通常是出于厌恶或不赞同,常用搭配 keep/hold (yourself) aloof 或 remain/stand aloof ,比如:
- 他置身争吵之外。
He stayed aloof from the bickering.
从这个概念出发, aloof 进一步用来喻指“冷漠的、冷淡的”,多指出于气质内敛、优越感或对卑贱者的厌恶而自然造成的与某人或某物的冷淡疏远,常意味着对人不友好或不乐于助人,也不喜欢和别人待在一起,比如:
- 她看似孤傲不群,可实际上只是羞怯。
She seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just timid. - 他们彬彬有礼但又有些冷漠。他们的公司是一个庞大而不讲人情的组织。
They were courteous but faintly aloof. Their company was a vast impersonal organization.
经典用例
It is an honor for a man to keep aloof from strife, but every fool will be quarreling.
远离纷争,是人的尊荣。愚妄人都爱争闹。
出自《旧约圣经》(Old Testament)。
同近义词
- distant: (of a person) not intimate; cool or reserved
- detached: aloof and objective
- remote: (of a person) aloof and unfriendly in manner