abdicate, renounce, resign 这几个动词都有“放弃”某个职位的意思。
abdicate 主要指国王或女王“退位、逊位”，也就意味着放弃最高权力。此外，该词也可以用来表示逃避责任，比如作父母的责任。
- 她被迫让出西班牙的王位。
She was forced to abdicate the throne of Spain. - 许多父母对孩子简直是完全撒手不管。
Many parents simply abdicate all responsibility for their children.
renounce 主要指“声明放弃、宣布放弃”，强调正式声明自己不再保留某项头衔、官阶、国籍、要求、特权、权利等，或为了某个更高的道德目的而摒弃理想、原则、信仰等。
- 她那混账的前夫终于宣布放弃对家里房子的所有权要求。
Her bastard ex-husband finally renounced his claim to the family house. - 甘地声明放弃使用暴力，并且从未背离过这一思想路线。
Gandhi renounced the use of violence and he had never deviated from that ideological path.
resign 主要指“辞职”，侧重指辞去某个尚未到期的职位。
