rouse、arouse、awake、wake与waken这些动词均有“唤醒、醒来”之意。
rouse : 较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。
- Nicky roused her with a gentle nudge.
尼基用胳膊肘轻轻地将她推醒。
arouse : 除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。
- About two o'clock, we were aroused from our sleep by a knocking at the door.
大约两点时，我们被一通敲门声唤醒。 - Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.
她的古怪行为引起了我们的怀疑。
awake : 正式用词，常指觉醒、警惕的状态，也多用于比喻。
- Surprisingly high on the list of things that keep bosses awake with cold sweats at night is falling foul of America’s Department of Justice (DOJ) or its Treasury Department.
在让老板们胆颤心惊、夜不能寐的各种忧虑中，害怕触怒美国司法部或财政部出乎意料地排在前面。
——《经济学人》 - 那个古怪的老太太说咖啡会让她睡不着，暗示她不想喝咖啡。
By saying that coffee would keep her awake, the quaint old lady implicated that she didn't want any.
wake : 普通常用词，指真正的醒来。即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
- Slowly they shuffled in around her, a savage beast that might wake at any moment and attack them.
他们慢慢地拖着脚步将她围了起来，好像她是一只随时会醒来攻击他们的残暴野兽。
waken : 书面用词，常用于被动态和引申意义。
- She had wakened the sleeping dogs of old voracious anger in him, anger against the self-willed female.
她把他心里隐忧着和狂暴的旧恨——那对于坚执的妇人的愤怒——撩醒了。
——《查泰莱夫人的情人》（Lady Chatterley's Lover）。
