shock、impact、collision与clash这些名词均含“冲击、碰撞”之意。
shock : 指强烈冲击在肉体上或思想感情上所产生的效果。
- For running on hard roads, you need shoes with extra cushioning to absorb (= reduce) the shock.
在坚硬的马路上跑步时,需要穿具有超强缓冲力的鞋子。 - I was in (a state of) shock for about two weeks after the accident.
事故发生后,我有约两个星期都处于惊魂未定的状态。
impact : 正式用词,侧重指物体相撞的结果或接触点。
- The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length.
撞车时的冲击力使车身变形,仅剩原长的三分之一。 - The bullet explodes on impact (= when it hits another object).
子弹击中物体时爆炸。
collision : 指物体相撞,其结果不是受损就是严重受阻。
- There has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the motorway.
在高速公路南向路段上发生了一起撞车事故。
clash : 通常指两个或多个物体,特别是金属物发出刺耳声音或破裂声的撞击。也可引申指意见、利益等的冲突。
- a clash of cymbals/swords
击铙钹的声音;剑的撞击声