本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
SAT TEM8 GMAT GRE
外刊例句
- President Donald Trump has circumvented the WTO to impose tariffs on steel and aluminium imports, including those from America’s allies.
美国总统特朗普已经绕过WTO对进口钢铁和铝材征收关税,包括来自美国盟国的进口。
——《经济学人》 - Over time, some officials overseeing the air campaign began to believe that the task force was systematically circumventing the safeguards created to limit civilian deaths.
随着时间的推移,一些监督空袭行动的官员开始相信,特遣部队正在系统地规避旨在限制平民死亡的保障措施。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] find a way around (an obstacle)
[动词] 想办法绕过(某个障碍)
深入解读
Circumvent 一词源自拉丁语 circumvenire (绕过去、环绕、围绕,喻指“压迫、攻击、欺骗”),由前缀 circum- (环绕、周围)+ 词根 vent (来)构成,15世纪中期进入英语后也是用来表示“围绕、包围”,多指“以敌对策略包围”,以及喻指“欺骗、以智取胜、以计击败”,比如:
- 在顽固敌人的包围下,王子的侍从们不得不以计谋智胜对手。
Circumvented by the diehard enemy, the prince's attendants had to circumvent them by craft.
不过这些含义现已较少使用,转而到了1840年后, circumvent 开始用来表示现在的主要含义“绕过、绕行”,即想办法绕过某个挡着路的障碍,比如:
- 该比赛有一个不容违背的规则:必须跳过而不能绕过障碍物。
The game had a single inviolable rule: obstacles were to be overcome, not circumvented.
从这个概念出发, circumvent 常作为正式用语引申表示“绕过、规避、逃避”某个问题、困难、规则或限制,以及“躲避、回避”某人(尤指意欲伤害自己的人),多以一种巧妙、秘密或非法的方式实现,比如:
- 恰在这时,他们找到了规避法律的途径。
Right on cue, they found a way of circumventing the law. - 这位勤劳肯干的迎宾员偶尔会试图避开那个脾气暴躁的老人。
The industrious and willing usher occasionally attempted to circumvent that grumpy old man.
名著用例
By that time it was a cabal, and we were all Miss Emily's allies to help circumvent the cousins.
到这个时候,我们达成了一个共识,都成了爱米丽小姐的同盟,帮助她打发掉这对堂姐妹。
出自美国著名作家威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)创作的经典短篇小说《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》(A Rose for Emily)。
同近义词
- eschew: deliberately avoid using; abstain from
- evade: escape or avoid (someone or something), especially by guile or trickery
- bypass: avoid or circumvent (an obstacle or problem)