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IELTS TOEFL TEM8 GMAT GRE
外刊例句
- It is the opposite of the myopic thinking that is often said to afflict politics.
这恰与困扰政界的短视思维背道而驰。
——《经济学人》 - The tip-off is Beard, who’s endowed by his creator with precisely the vices — apathy, slothfulness, gluttony and hypocrisy — that afflict the society the book condemns, threatening to cook the human race in the heat-trapping gases released by its own arrogance.
这一点是通过比尔德暴露出来的,他的创造者在他身上添加的邪恶元素——冷漠、倦怠、贪吃、虚伪——准确地戳到了本书所控诉的这个社会的痛处,他威胁要用人类的狂妄所产生的温室气体把人类自己烤熟。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] (of a problem or illness) cause pain or trouble to; affect adversely
[动词] (指问题或疾病)引起疼痛或麻烦;不利地影响
深入解读
Afflict 是一个与 inflict (使遭受打击、使吃苦头)容易混淆的单词,两者同词根 flict (打击)。其中前者由前缀 af- (加强)+ 词根 flict 构成,源自拉丁语 afflictare (破坏、骚扰、折磨),14世纪末进入英语后原指“使沮丧”,等到了16世纪30年代后开始演变为今义“折磨、使痛苦”,常作正式用语使用,多指疼痛、疾病、问题、缺陷、麻烦、灾难等严重地影响人,并使之痛苦不堪,比如:
- 患这种偶发病的女性多于男性。
The sporadic disease afflicts women more than men. - 过去几十年来他们的国家一直饱受政治腐败之苦。但与过去形成鲜明对比的是,现在他们定期举行选举,其中毫无腐败或暴力的成分。
Their country had been afflicted by political corruption for decades. But in stark contrast to the past, now they regularly hold elections without a whiff of corruption or violence.
与之对应的名词 affliction 也是常作正式用语表示“折磨、痛苦”以及“苦事、苦恼的事由”,强调对人耐力的挑战,比如莎士比亚创作的戏剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)中就有一句名句用到:
Affliction is enamoured of thy parts,
And thou art wedded to calamity.
你已经和坎坷的命运结下了不解之缘。
双语名著
Gibelotte, tall, delicate, white with a lymphatic pallor, with circles round her eyes, and drooping lids, always languid and weary, afflicted with what may be called chronic lassitude, the first up in the house and the last in bed, waited on every one, even the other maid, silently and gently, smiling through her fatigue with a vague and sleepy smile.
吉布洛特,瘦长,娇弱,白,淋巴质的白,蓝眼圈,眼皮老搭拉看,总是那么困倦,可以说她是在害着一种慢性疲乏症,她每天第一个起床,最后一个睡觉,侍候每一个人,连另一个女仆也归她侍候,从不吭声,百依百顺,脸上总挂着一种疲劳的微笑,好象是睡梦中的微笑。
出自法国作家维克多·雨果的长篇小说《悲惨世界》(Les Misérables,原意为“悲惨的人们”“可怜的人们”)。
同近义词
- beset: (of a problem or difficulty) trouble or threaten persistently
- torment: cause to experience severe mental or physical suffering
- rack: cause extreme pain, anguish, or distress to