本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
TEM8 GMAT TOEIC
外刊例句
- Mr Krastev and Mr Holmes think the trauma of losing the cold war made Russia different, and that its attempts at building democracy were always a charade.
克拉斯特夫和霍姆斯认为,冷战失败的创伤让俄罗斯与众不同,而其建设民主制度的努力一直都是一场闹剧。
——《经济学人》 - Most children who fled to Bangladesh experienced significant trauma, whether witnessing relatives being killed or waiting for military raids to engulf their villages.
逃到孟加拉国的大部分儿童都经历了严重的精神创伤,无论是目睹亲人被杀还是等着军事突袭吞噬他们所在的村庄。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[noun] physical injury
[名词] 身体损伤
深入解读
Trauma 一词源自希腊语 trauma (伤、伤口;失败),17世纪末进入英语后用来表示身体上的“损伤、外伤、伤口”,多指由诸如摔倒、猛击、枪击、刺捅、烧伤等外力猛烈攻击或事故,以及分娩、手术等附带原因而造成的伤口或拉伤、骨折(fracture)、脑震荡等伤害,比如:
- 医生们为这个大脑受到严重损伤濒临死亡的病人创造了奇迹。
The doctors have done marvels for the moribund patient who suffered severe brain trauma.
等到了19世纪末, trauma 开始进一步用来表示心理或精神上的“创伤”以及“痛苦经历、挫折”,其中前者多指精神或情绪上的严重打击或巨大压力导致的情绪或行为紊乱,或者说在头脑中留下持久的异常印象,其意义往往从受到的伤害转移到产生的效果上,比如:
而后者多指使人极度痛苦或令人不安的不快经历,严重到可能会造成精神伤害,比如:
- 我经历过放弃权力的痛苦。这是我人生中相当臭名昭著的一段经历。
I'd been through the trauma of relinquishing power. It was a rather notorious episode of my life.
影视用例
查看视频请点击:小词详解 | trauma
Let me ask you. Any past traumas in your life?
我来问你。你以往受过精神创伤吗?
出自2010年上映的美国心理惊悚电影《禁闭岛》(Shutter Island)。
同近义词
- abrasion: an area damaged by scraping or wearing away
- bruise: an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels
- laceration: a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh