本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
SAT GRE
外刊例句
- Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, a maker of electric cars, grumbles about a surfeit of business-school graduates stifling innovation.
电动汽车制造商特斯拉的老板埃隆·马斯克抱怨过多的商学院毕业生扼杀了创新。
——《经济学人》 - This is an abiding complaint among young men in a country with a surfeit of them.
在一个年轻男性过剩的国家,这是这些年轻男性们永恒的牢骚。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[noun] an excessive amount of something
[名词] 过量的某物
深入解读
Surfeit 从其拼写和发音上很容易联想起熟词 surface (表面)来,不过两者含义却没有什么关联。要说含义有什么联系的单词,除了下面同近义词部分提到的两个小站之前推送的近义词外,老铁们可能更会回想起小站(微信公众号:田间小站)前几个月推送的 dearth (缺乏、不足)这个含义相反的单词。
具体来说, surfeit 一词源自拉丁语 surfaire (做得过分),14世纪初经古法语 sorfet (过量;傲慢)进入英语后也是用来作名词表示“过量、过多、过度”,多指饮食过度、供应过量或做某事过多而导致恶心或厌恶以至于不再渴望,比如:
- 这个动荡国家的廉价劳动力过剩。
The turbulent country has a surfeit of cheap labour. - 与过去形成鲜明对比的是,选民普遍态度冷淡。他们对初选时没完没了的空喊口号感到相当发腻了。
In stark contrast to the past, there is widespread apathy among the electorate. They are pretty sick of such a surfeit of primary sloganeering.
用作动词时, surfeit 则相应表示“使饮食过度”或“过多地供给、使过度沉溺于、使厌腻”,比如:
- 现在大多数监狱里都关满了惯犯。从严判决可以起到震慑其他潜在犯罪者的作用,尤其是那些经常无视法律的人。
Most prisons are now surfeited with repeaters. Tougher prison sentences may act as a deterrent to other would-be offenders, especially those who regularly flout the law.
名著用例
Know, then, that for you is neither surfeit nor content.
那么要知道,你既不会嫌多,也不会知足的。
出自美国现实主义作家西奥多·德莱赛(Theodore Dreiser)创作的长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》(Sister Carrie)。参见:名著下载 | 嘉莉妹妹(Sister Carrie)
同近义词
- glut: a supply of something that is much greater than can be sold or is needed or wanted
- orgy: excessive indulgence in a specified activity
- superfluity: an unnecessarily or excessively large amount or number of something