understand、comprehend、appreciate、apprehend与grasp这些动词均有“理解”之意。
understand : 一般用词,很常用,指对事实或意义不仅知道得很清楚。
- I think he was calling from a club - it was so noisy, I couldn't understand a word he said.
我想他是在一个夜总会里打的电话——那头太吵了,他说的话我一个字也没听清。
comprehend : 较正式用词,指对较复杂的事物能透彻理解其意义。
- I don't think he fully comprehends that she won't be here to help him.
我看他还没有充分意识到她是不会来这里帮他的。
appreciate : 语气较弱,指对某事物或意义有充分的理解。着重有能力领域或觉察。
- We appreciate the need for immediate action.
我们充分意识到了马上采取行动的必要性。
apprehend : 过时用法,指知道某事物或某观念的大概意义,但未能理解其内涵意义,暗含一知半解意味。
- Only now can I begin to apprehend the power of these forces.
直到现在我才真正了解这些队伍的力量。
grasp : 从本义抓紧、抓住,引申作“理解、掌握”。(拓展学习:区别辨析take、grasp、grab、grip、clasp、clutch、snatch与seize)
- The government has acknowledged that homelessness is a problem but it has failed to grasp the scale of the problem.
政府已经承认很多人无家可归是个问题,但还没有意识到问题的严重性。