本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
TEM4 TEM8
外刊例句
- People will give others a wider berth in public spaces without even thinking about it.
甚至不假思索,人们就会在公共场所里远远避开他人。 - Defeat would not end either team’s chances of finishing in the top two of their qualifying group — automatically giving them a berth in the World Cup — but it would place pressure on the loser.
比赛失利不会让两国的球队失去成为其所在资格组前两名的机会,进入前两名将自动让他们获得世界杯的参赛资格,但失利会让输掉比赛的球队受到很大的压力。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[noun] a ship's allotted place at a wharf or dock
[名词] 船在码头或船坞分配的位置
深入解读
Berth 是一个与熟词 birth (出生、出身、起源)以及 Perth (珀斯,澳大利亚第四大城市)十分形似的单词,其词源不详,可能是由 bear (承受、忍受) + 抽象名词后缀 -th 构成,最初在英语里指“便利的海洋空间”,即船与岸、礁石或另一艘船等之间留出的“宽广水区、回旋余地、安全距离”,比如:
- 在船与没有污染的原始海滩之间留出足够的安全距离
keep a clear berth of the pristine, pollution-free beaches
不过发展到现在更多的是用来表示船的“泊位、锚地”或机动车的“停放位置”,比如:
- 我们从利物浦登船,前往纽约。抵达后不久,我们在港口附近找了个理想位置下锚。
We embarked at Liverpool for New York. Soon after arrival, we took up a good berth near the harbour. - 他在一个供卡车装货用的停车空间徒手掐死了卫兵。
He throttled the guard with his bare hands at a truckloading berth.
那么当 berth 用作动词时,自然表示“(使船)停泊、停靠”,比如:
- 船停靠在纽约后,抽调来平定骚乱的增援警力登上了船。
As the ship berthed in New York, extra police drafted to quell the disturbances went aboard.
等到了18世纪, berth 又从船的停放位置引申出来表示人的“停放位置”,原指船员的“饭厅兼集体住舱”,现在则发展为船、车、飞机等的“座位、舱位、铺位、睡处”,比如:
- 就在那时,她订了一张由巴勒莫开往那不勒斯的渡轮卧铺票。
Then, right on cue, she booked a berth on the ferry from Palermo to Naples.
而习语 give sb/sth a wide berth 别看字面意思是“给某人或某物一个宽广的空间”,实则喻指“避开、对……敬而远之”,多用于表达避开危险的、令人不快的或者自己不喜欢的人或事物,见上面的《经济学人》例句或下面的名著用例。
名著用例
"I thought you lived in that girls' bathroom?" said Harry, who had been careful to give the place a wide berth for some years now.
“我以为你住在女生盥洗室呢。”哈利说,那个地方他已经避开好几年了。
出自英国作家J.K.罗琳创作的长篇小说《哈利·波特与混血王子》(Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)。该小说是《哈利·波特》系列的第六部。
同近义词
- bunk: a narrow shelflike bed, typically one of two or more arranged one on top of the other
- couch: a long upholstered piece of furniture for several people to sit on
- hammock: a bed made of canvas or rope mesh suspended from two supports by cords at both ends