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SAT TEM8 GRE
外刊例句
- In 1990, 36% of the world's population lived in abject poverty.
1990年,世界上36%的人口生活在赤贫之中。
——《经济学人》 - In a world where authorities exercise absolute power and demand abject obedience, prisoners are almost always going to be on the losing side, and they know it.
在一个监狱当局行使绝对权力,并要求卑微顺从的世界中,囚犯们几乎总是处在输的一方,他们明白这一点。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[adjective] (of something bad) experienced or present to the maximum degree
[形容词] (指不好的东西)最大程度地经历或出现
深入解读
Abject 是一个与熟词 object (物体;对象;目的;宾语;反对)十分形似的单词,源自拉丁语 abiectus (低矮的、蹲伏的;普通的、卑鄙的;沮丧的、气馁的),15世纪进入英语后原本主要用来指人“下贱的、卑躬屈节的、自卑的、怯懦的”,常暗示身份卑微或奴性可鄙,比如:
- 那个毫无经验的人低声下气,急于讨好别人。
The man destitute of experience sounded abject and eager to please. - 通常,他对老板毕恭毕敬,近乎低三下四。但今天我见他非常暴躁。
Normally, he is almost abject in his respect for his boss. But today I saw him very chafe and fret at every pore.
俗话说“人穷志短”,谁也不想低三下四地讨好别人,但凡是沦落至此,很多时候也就意味着身处困厄之中不得已而为之,所以到了16世纪初 abject 就被用来喻指“悲惨绝望的、凄惨的、糟透的”,常搭配 poverty, failure, misery 等表示“赤贫、惨败、极度苦恼等”,强调糟糕到了极致,比如:
- 她拙劣的表演以大败告终。
Her abject performance ended in a fiasco. - 结果已经证明这项外交政策上的微调彻底失败了。
This slightest nuance of change in foreign policy has turned out to be an abject failure.
双语名著
At the period of his most abject misery, he had observed that young girls turned round when he passed by, and he fled or hid, with death in his soul.
在他最穷困时,他发现年轻姑娘们见他走过,常把头转过来望他,他连忙避开,或是躲起来,心情万分颓丧。
出自法国作家维克多·雨果的长篇小说《悲惨世界》(Les Misérables,原意为“悲惨的人们”“可怜的人们”)。该小说是19世纪最著名的小说之一,故事的主线围绕主人公土伦苦刑犯冉·阿让(Jean Valjean)的个人经历,融进了法国的历史、革命、战争、道德哲学、法律、正义、宗教信仰等,多次被改编演绎成影视作品。
同近义词
- wretched: (of a person) in a very unhappy or unfortunate state
- miserable: (of a person) wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable
- pathetic: arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness