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外刊例句
- Although hopes of a deal buoy up stockmarkets, a chasm remains.
尽管达成协议的希望推高了股市,但分歧依然深刻。
——《经济学人》 - It is no surprise Iraqis leave, considering the chasm between the expectations of the changes the occupation would bring and the reality 10 years later.
人们曾期待占领的美军会带来改变,但10年后的现实却与之有着巨大差距,因此伊拉克人的离开不足为奇。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[noun] a deep fissure in the earth, rock, or another surface
[名词] 地面、岩石以及其他表面上的深裂缝
深入解读
Chasm 这个单词比较好记,不仅与熟词 chase (追赶、追逐、追捕)只差最后一个字母不同,也与常用词 charm (魅力、魔力、吸引力)只差倒数第二个字母不同。该词源自希腊语 khasma (非常宽的凹陷处、地面裂口),16世纪末进入英语后开始表示“地面上的深裂缝、裂隙、深坑”,多指在原来坚固的表面有一个很深的,有时候也很宽的裂口,比如:
- 那个著名的建筑师靠在栏杆上向下凝视令人眩晕的深渊。
The eminent architect leaned over the rails and peered down into the dizzying chasm below.
不过发展到现在, chasm 这个单词更多的是作为一个正式用语,用来引申指两个人或两个团体之间的关于感情、意见、兴趣等的“巨大分歧、显著差别”,强调连续性、一致性上的急剧中断,比如:
- 这对夫妇未能跨越他们之间的鸿沟。他们的整个婚姻都是在做戏——他们从未相爱过。
The couple failed to bridge the chasm between them. Their whole marriage had been a charade─they had never loved each other. - 发达国家和发展中国家之间仍然存在着巨大的经济差距。有些发展中国家已无力支付债务利息,正为其债务所困。
There is still a vast economic chasm between developed and developing countries. Some developing countries can no longer service their debts. They are shackled by their own debts.
值得注意的是, chasm 开头的 ch 发的是[k]音,与 chase 和 charm 中的 ch 发的[tʃ]音不同。
名著用例
Huck began to dig and scratch now. Some boards were soon uncovered and removed. They had concealed a natural chasm which led under the rock.
哈克也开始挖,不一会工夫,他们把露出的木板移走,这时出现了一个通往岩石下的天然裂口。
出自美国著名作家马克·吐温的长篇儿童文学作品《汤姆·索亚历险记》(The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)。作品主要讲述少年汤姆·索亚与哈克贝里·费恩等伙伴冒险的故事,其中汤姆是顽童的角色,在美国深受小孩的欢迎。
同近义词
- abyss: a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm
- fissure: a long, narrow opening or line of breakage made by cracking or splitting, especially in rock or earth
- gorge: a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and a stream running through it