本文经授权转载自微信公众号:田间小站
TEM8 GRE
外刊例句
- When drawn for individual countries, charts of this kind tend to slant upwards (the rich gain more than the poor) or downwards.
如果是为某个国家单独绘制,这样的图表往往是斜向上行(富人所得增加高于穷人)或斜向下行。
——《经济学人》 - Toward the bottom of the pit, a decrepit four-story building slanted at a dangerous angle.
矿坑底部附近,一座四层楼高的破旧建筑以危险的角度倾斜着。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] slope or lean in a particular direction; diverge or cause to diverge from the vertical or horizontal
[动词] 向特定方向倾斜;从垂直或水平方向偏离或使之偏离
深入解读
Slant 是一个与熟词 plant 只有首字母不同的单词,源自原始日耳曼语,16世纪20年代进入英语后原指“斜击(to strike obliquely)”,发展到现在主要表示“(使)倾斜、歪斜”,强调显而易见的倾斜,比如:
- 斜体字向右倾斜。
Italic writing slants to the right. - 落日的余晖透过狭窄的窗户斜射进来。
The vestigial rays of the declining sun slanted through the narrow window.
如果对前不久 BBC 的“阴间滤镜”还有印象的话,那么一定不难发现,这世上显而易见的倾斜不只存在于物理世界,还活跃在思想态度上。而 slant 也可以引申用来表示“有倾向性地陈述”或“有偏向地报道”,不过多指源自性情、心理习惯或经验的偏见,而非 prejudice 这种在缺乏理由或证据之前就形成的怀疑的、有恶感的成见,比如:
- 一位成员不同意这份报告,认为报告中的调查结果偏袒制造商。
One member dissented from the report, saying the findings of the report had been slanted in favour of the manufacturers. - 法院称媒体的报道倾向于袒护被告。
The court claimed that reports in the media were slanted towards the defendant.
说到这里,还可以联想复习一下小站在 熟词僻义 | spin 是一种怎样的欺骗? 中聊过的 spin 也可以用来表示“有倾向性地陈述或解释(新闻或其他信息)”,尤指以有利于自己的口吻描述。
另外,将 slant 用作名词时,自然表示“倾斜、歪斜”这种状态或“斜线、斜面”这类实物,以及有倾向性的“观点、态度”,比如:
- 一阵小雪斜斜地落下来。
A flurry of snow came down at a slant. - 一辆崭新的豪华轿车沿着车道缓缓驶来,停在一个斜坡上。
A pristine limousine oozed up the drive and parked on a slant. - 他说的话里没有任何蓄意捏造的成分。但他的思想显示出奇怪的偏向。
There was nothing contrived or calculated about what he said. But his mind showed a curious slant.
值得注意的是,slant 的衍生词 slant-eye 本义是指“眼角上斜的人”,但被用于歧视性表达时,则是蔑称“中国人、日本人”。与之类似的歧视性表达还有 slit-eye (眯缝眼)。
名著用例
“Maybe he wants to check on how you're doing?” suggested Hermione, as Harry unrolled the parchment; but rather than finding Dumbledore's long, narrow, slanted writing he saw an untidy sprawl, very difficult to read due to the presence of large blotches on the parchment where the ink had run.
“也许他想问问你进展如何。”赫敏猜测道,哈利打开纸卷。上面不是邓布利多那细长的斜体字,而是凌乱潦草的字迹,纸上还有大团墨渍,字迹很难辨认。
出自英国作家J.K.罗琳创作的长篇小说《哈利·波特与混血王子》(Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)。该小说是《哈利·波特》系列的第六部。
同近义词
- incline: lean or turn away from a given plane or direction, especially the vertical or horizontal
- tilt: move or cause to move into a sloping position
- cant: cause (something) to be in a slanting or oblique position; tilt